What three factors affect perception?

The three factors that affect perception are best represented by individual, target, and situation.

Individual characteristics refer to the personal attributes and experiences that shape how a person interprets information. This includes factors such as previous experiences, biases, and emotional state, which can influence how an individual perceives situations and information.

The target refers to what is being perceived. This can include the clarity of the stimulus, its complexity, and how it resonates with the observer's expectations or previous knowledge. The nature of the target itself greatly influences perception.

The situation encompasses the broader context in which perception occurs. This includes the environment, social settings, and current circumstances that may impact how an observation is made and understood. For example, dim lighting can alter how colors and shapes are perceived.

While the other options contain factors that can influence perception indirectly or in specific contexts, they do not provide the same comprehensive framework as the combination of individual, target, and situation. Understanding the interplay between these three factors allows for a more nuanced comprehension of how perception operates in different scenarios, particularly in construction safety contexts where awareness and interpretation of hazards are crucial.